Jimmy Carter shi ne shugaban Amurka na 39 da aka zabe shi a karkashin inuwar jam’iyyar Democrat a shekarar 1976.
Shugabancin Jimmy Carter daga 1977-1981 ya kumshi nasarori kamar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Camp David, amma kuma ya fuskanci cece-kuce da suka haddasa Amurkawa masu jefa kuri'a suke ganin sa a matsayin mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa suka ki sake zaben sa a wa’adin mulki na 2.
To sai dai suna, da shaharar Carter, sun fito fili ne a rayuwar bayan shugabancinsa, wadda ita ce mafi tsawo da wani shugaban kasa ta rayu a tarihin Amurka.
Ga wasu daga cikin muhimman lokutan rayuwar Carter, wanda ya rasu a ranar Lahadi yana da shekaru 100.
Magudanar ruwa ta Panama
A cikin shekararsa ta farko a ofis, Carter ya koma kan alƙawarin da yayi a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe, inda ya yanke shawarar hannunta aikin gudanar da magudanar ruwa ta Panama - wadda ke karkashin ikon sojojin Amurka tun lokacin da aka gina ta a farkon karni na 20.
"Adalci, kuma ba ta nuna karfi ba, su ya kamata su kasance gimshikin mu'amalarmu da kasashen duniya," in ji Carter, a lokacin rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin magudanar ruwan da shugaban Panama Omar Torrijos a ranar 7 ga Satumban 1977.
An soki lamirin Carter izgili game da daukar wannan matakin, wanda ya ba Panama ikon sarrafa magudanar ruwa da ta hada Tekun Atlantika da na Pacific a karshen shekarar 1999.
Duk da haka tarihi ya nuna cewa yarjejeniyar ta kasance wani ɓoyayyen mataki na diflomasiyya.
Bai wa Panama ikon kula da magudanar ruwa a daidai lokacin ya samar da kwanciyar hankali da kuma sauya daukar da ake yi wa Amurka a matsayin mai karfa-karfa da mulkin danniya a yankin Latin Amurka.
Kyawawan dabi’u a siyasa
Lokacin da ya hau mukamin shugaban kasa, Carter ya yi kokarin nisanta kansa daga irin salon siyasar magabatansa, wani bangare na yakin cacar baki, inda ya sanya 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin kudurorinsa.
"Babban burinmu shine taimakawa wajen tsara duniyar da ta fi dacewa da bukatun jama’a a ko'ina don bunkasa tattalin arziki, adalcin zamantakewa, 'yancin kai na siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam," in ji Carter, a cikin wani jawabi da yayi a shekarar 1978 a Cibiyar horar da sojan Ruwa ta Amurka.
A zahiri, Carter ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kasa-da-kasa kan 'yancin jama'a da siyasa a shekarar 1977. Daga karshe Amurka ta amince da ita a shekarar 1992 bayan Majalisar Dattawa ta toshe ta tsawon shekaru.
Yarjejeniyar Camp David
A cikin watan Satumban 1978, Carter ya gayyaci Firayim Ministan Isra'ila Menachem Begin da Shugaban Masar Anwar Sadat zuwa lambun Camp David, wani wurin shakatawa na shugaban kasa da ke wajen Washington.
Bayan kwanaki 13 na tattaunawar sirri a karkashin sulhun Carter, an rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi biyu wadanda daga karshe suka kai ga cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a shekarar da ta biyo bayanta.
An ambaci nasarorin da Carter ya samu a bangaren diflomasiyya a lokacin da ya sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel.
Rikicin garkuwa da mutanen Iran
Rikicin yin garkuwa da mutane - fiye da Amurkawa 50 aka yi garkuwa da su na tsawon kwanaki 444 a ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke Tehran daga watan Nuwamban 1979 zuwa Janairun 1981 – kuma shi ne babban koma baya ga shugabancin Carter.
Aikin soji na ceto da bai yi nasara ba a watan Afrilun 1980 ya kawo cikas ga damar sake zaɓensa daga baya a karshen shekarar.
Shirin ceton da aka yi wa lakabi da Operation Eagle Claw ya hadu da babban cikas na mahaukaciyar guguwa da matsalar kayan aiki, inda daga karshe aka soke aikin. A yayin janyewar ne wasu jiragen Amurka guda biyu suka yi karo da juna, inda suka kashe ma'aikata takwas.
A cikin kwanaki da suka biyo baya, sakataren harkokin wajen kasar, Cyrus Vance ya yi murabus, kuma gazawar aikin ya nuna gazawar Carter wajen warware rikicin.
An ‘yantar da mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su a ranar da Ronald Reagan na Republican ya hau mulki, bayan ya doke Carter a rumfunan zabe a watan Nuwamban 1980.
Cibiyar Carter
Carter ya kasance mai himma sosai a cikin shekarunsa 90 duk da yake ya yi murabus daga harkokin siyasa.
A cikin shekarar 1982, ya kafa Cibiyar Carter, wadda ta mayar da hankali kan magance rikice-rikice, inganta dimokuradiyya da 'yancin ɗan adam, da kuma yaki da cututtuka.
Carter, wanda galibi ana kallonsa a matsayin tsohon shugaban Amurka da ya fi samun nasara - ya yi balaguro da dama, ya yi sanya ido kan zabuka daga Haiti zuwa Gabashin Timor, tare da magance matsalolin duniya a matsayin mai shiga tsakani.
Dattawa
Carter ya kasance memba na, kungiyar tsoffin shugabannin duniya ta “The Elders” da Nelson Mandela ya kafa a shekarar 2007 don inganta zaman lafiya da 'yancin ɗan adam.
Takwarorinsa da suka sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, Archbishop Desmond Tutu (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 2021) da tsohuwar shugabar kasar Laberiya Ellen Sirleaf Johnson da kuma Marigayi Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kofi Annan, su ma suna cikin kungiyar.
Carter ya rasu a ranar Lahadi yana da shekaru 100, a gidansa da ke Georgia.
Dandalin Mu Tattauna