Rahoton da WHO ta wallafa ya bayyana cewa tun daga ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2023, Najeriya ta sami ƙarin mutane da ke fama da cutar diphtheria fiye da yadda aka saba. Daga 30 ga Yuni zuwa 31 ga Agusta, 2023, akwai mutane 5898 da watakila sun kamu da cutar diphtheria a yankuna 59 daban-daban a cikin jihohi 11.
A cikin mako na 34 (wanda ya ƙare a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2023), akwai mutane 234 waɗanda ake zaton sun kamu da diphtheria a yankuna 20 a cikin jihohi biyar. Daga cikin samfurori 22 da aka dauka, an tabbatar da cewa mutum daya yana da diphtheria a gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Tun bayan bincike da WHO ta gabatar na ƙarshe game da cutar diphtheria a Najeriya a cikin watan Afrilu 2023, Najeriya ta cigaba da nanatawa Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) game da yiwuwar sake afkuwar cutar diphtheria.
Amma tsakanin 30 ga Yuni zuwa 31 ga Agusta, 2023, wani abu da ba a saba gani ba ya faru. Mutane da yawa a Najeriya sun sami tabbacin kamuwa da cutar diphtheria.
A cikin wannan lokaci, daga 30 ga Yuni zuwa 31 ga Agusta, jimillar mutane 5898 ne ake zargin suna da cutar diphtheria. An samu wadannan rahotanni daga yankuna 59 daban-daban a cikin jihohi 11 a duk fadin Najeriya kamar yadda WHO ta bayyana.
Mafi yawan wadanda suka kamu da cutar, kusan kashi 99.4%, an samu rahotonsu ne daga jihohin arewacin Najeriya na Kano, Katsina, Yobe, Bauchi, Kaduna, da Borno.
Tun bayan barkewar cutar diphtheria a cikin 2022, an sami adadin kimanin mutane 8353 da ake zargi. Daga cikin wadannan, an tabbatar da mutane 4717.
Har ila yau, WHO ta wallafa cewa an yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don tabbatar da waɗannan adadi ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen (lambobi 169), wasu kuma ta hanyar duban yadda alamun cututtuka suka dace da diphtheria da dai sauransu.
Bugu da kari, yawan mutanen da suka mutu sanadiyyar cutar diphtheria sun ragu kaɗan. Ya kasance kaso 6.7% a baya, kuma yanzu yana da 6.1%. Daga cikin 4717 da aka tabbatar da sakamakon su yawancin kaso 73.5% na ciki yara ne tsakanin shekaru 1 zuwa 14.
A cikin wannan rukunin, akwai yara 699 waɗanda ke tsakanin 0 zuwa 4 shekaru, yara 1505 tsakanin 5 zuwa 9 shekaru, da yara 1262 tsakanin 10 zuwa 14 shekaru. Kuma fiye da rabin adadin (56.3%) mata ne.
Game da alluran rigakafi, akwai kashi 22.8% na waɗanda aka tabbatar an yi musu cikakkiyar allurar rigakafin cutar diphtheria, kuma kashi 6.3% an yi musu allurar wani ɓangaren magance cutar, amma yawancin 59.4%, ba a yi musu allurar kwata-kwata ba.
Game da cutar sarke numfashi ta Diphtheria
Diphtheria cuta ce da ke iya yaduwa cikin sauƙi. Tana haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira Corynebacterium diphtheria kuma wani lokacin Corynebacterium ulcerans. Yawanci yana yaduwa lokacin da mutane ke kusa da juna ko kuma lokacin da mai ciwon diphtheria ya yi tari ko atishawa. Wannan cuta na iya shafar kowa, amma yaran da ba a yi musu allurar ba sun fi kamuwa da ita.
Lokacin da wani ya kamu da cutar diphtheria, yawanci yakan fara jin rashin lafiya a hankali. Sau da yawa yana farawa da ciwon makogwaro da zazzabi. A cikin mummunan yanayi, ƙwayoyin cuta suna yin guba da ke haifar da launin toka mai kauri ko fari a bayan makogwaro. Wannan zai iya sa ya yi wuyar numfashi, samun wahala wajen haɗiye abu, kuma yana haifar da tari mai sauti da karfi. Wuya kuma na iya kumbura.
Hanyar magance kamuwa da cutar mafi sauki shine ta hanyar allurar rigakafin diphtheria, Allurar rigakafin hanya ce mai matukar tasiri don gujewa kamuwa da cutar.
Najeriya ta samu bullar cutar diphtheria a baya, musamman a shekarar 2011 da 2022. A shekarar 2023, an samu bullar cutar diphtheria tsakanin watan Janairu zuwa Afrilun 2023 wanda ya shafi jihohi 21 daga cikin 36 da babban birnin tarayya Abuja.
Shawarar WHO
A yakin da ake yi da cutar diphtheria, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta shawarci kasashe da su ba da fifikon alluran rigakafi don bunkasa rigakafi da kuma magance masu kamuwa da cuta cikin gaggawa; kula da taka tsan-tsan ta hanyar gano barkewar cutar da wuri da samun damar yin gwajin gwaji don ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da diphtheria; tabbatar da isasshen maganin diphtheria antitoxin don kula da lafiya; da aiwatar da matakan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta a cikin ma’aikatun kiwon lafiya da asibitoci, gami da ware abubuwan da ake zargi, samun iska, da matakan tsaro.
Bugu da ƙari, WHO ta ba da shawarar cewa yawan masu haɗarin saurin kamuwa da cutar kamar yara ƙanana, yaran makaranta, tsofaffi da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, su yi kokarin samin alluran rigakafi kuma su bata fifiko. Haka zalika, matafiya su tabbata sun yi allurar rigakafin cutar kafin zuwa duk inda cutar ta barke ko ake tsammanin barkewar cutar.
Yayin da Najeriya ke fuskantar wannan mugunyar bullar cutar amai da gudawa, martanin da aka bayar na hadin gwiwa shaida ce ga juriya da jajircewar al’ummar kasar. Tare da ingantaccen yunƙuri da ya shafi sa ido, bincikar dakin gwaje-gwaje, yaƙin neman zaɓe, sadar da al’umma, da kuma gudanar da cikakken tsarin shari’a, Nijeriya da abokan haɗin gwiwarta sun haɗa kai don kare lafiyar ‘yan ƙasa da hana yaduwar wannan cuta mai haɗari. Taimakon al'ummar duniya ya kasance muhimmi a wannan babban kalubale.
~Yusuf Aminu Yusuf
Dandalin Mu Tattauna